Hearing Loss

Hearing loss is a reduction in the ability to detect or understand sound. It is one of the most common sensory conditions in Canada, affecting approximately one in five Canadians to some degree. Hearing loss is classified by type, degree, and configuration. The three main types are conductive (affecting the outer or middle ear), sensorineural (affecting the cochlea or auditory nerve), and mixed (a combination of both).

Degree ranges from mild to profound, based on hearing thresholds measured in decibels. Configuration describes which frequencies are most affected, for example, a high-frequency loss primarily affecting consonant sounds or a flat loss affecting all frequencies equally. Hearing loss can be present from birth (congenital) or acquired later in life. Common causes include aging, noise exposure, ear infections, genetic factors, certain medications, and injury.

Untreated hearing loss is associated with social withdrawal, depression, reduced cognitive function, and increased fall risk. Early assessment and appropriate management lead to better outcomes across these areas.