Meniere's Disease

Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear characterized by recurring episodes of vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus, and a feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear. It is caused by an abnormal buildup of fluid (endolymph) in the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear, a condition called endolymphatic hydrops. Episodes of vertigo can last from 20 minutes to several hours and are often accompanied by nausea.

Between episodes, some individuals experience relatively normal hearing, while others notice a gradual, permanent decline over time. Meniere's disease typically affects one ear but can eventually involve both ears. Diagnosis involves audiological testing, vestibular assessments, and sometimes electrocochleography, which can detect the fluid imbalance.

There is currently no cure. Management focuses on reducing the frequency and severity of episodes through dietary modifications (particularly low-sodium intake), medication, vestibular rehabilitation, and in some cases, surgical or procedural interventions.