Balance Disorder

A balance disorder is a condition in which the body's ability to maintain stable, coordinated movement and spatial orientation is disrupted. Balance depends on coordinated input from the vestibular system in the inner ear, the visual system, and sensory receptors in the muscles and joints. When one or more of these systems malfunction or send conflicting signals, the result can be dizziness, vertigo, unsteadiness, or a floating sensation.

Balance disorders range from benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), which is treatable with repositioning maneuvers, to more complex conditions such as Meniere's disease or vestibular neuritis. Falls are a significant health concern associated with untreated balance disorders, particularly in older adults. In Canada, falls are the leading cause of injury-related hospitalizations among people over 65.

Assessment typically involves a clinical history, audiological testing, and vestibular function tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include repositioning maneuvers, vestibular rehabilitation, or medical management.